,s ,:at ,>e ,web #b4j ,tools ,a3ess+ ! ,a3essibil;y ( ,web #b4j ,tools ,by ,w5dy ,torres ,copp9 ,/ate ,univ}s;y ,s5ior ,9/ruc;nal ,te*nologi/ ,twitt} ,h&le3 `a,te*.-snacks ;,e-mail3 wvelez-torres`acopp94$u ,pre-,te/ ,po/-,te/ ,d{nload ! scorec>ds3 ,web #b4j ,tools & ,a3essibil;y ,s ,:at ,>e ,web #b4j ,tools ,web #b4j tools >e web-bas$ tools t focus on us} collabora;n1 %>+ ( us}-g5}at$ 3t5t1 & social net"w+4 ,_m >e free to use & "w on multiple plat=ms4 ,:ile "! >e _m ,web #b4j #a tools1 y %d "k t n all ( !m >e a3essible = p ) 4abilities4 8,we don't t1* to t1* ! privileg$ & ! few1 we t1* to t1* all1 & if we don't 2come a3essible1 we >e n t1*+ "ey"o4 ,if y "w on a3essibil;y1 y >e improv+ yrf z an organiza;n1 & ! impact = "ey"o is grt} & m e6ective ?an any?+ else y c d40 -,lucy ,greco0 - ,lucy ,greco ,web ,a3essibil;y ,evangeli/ ,b}keley "<,! ,rehabilita;n ,act ( #aigc-am5d$ _m "ts"> ,sec;n #ejh requires ,f$}al ag5cies 5sure t p}sons ) 4abilities h comp>able a3ess to & use ( electronic 9=ma;n te*nology4 ,sec;n #ejd requires organiza;ns to provide 9dividuals ) #b 4abilities an equal opportun;y to "picipate 9 _! programs & b5efit f _! s}vices4 ,un.s y >e a ,f$}al ag5cy- yr 9/itu;n is held to ! /&>ds ( ,sec;n #ejd- #ejh is m /r+5t b ! id1l 4 ,web ,3t5t ,a3essibil;y ,guidel9es ,~! guidel9es expla9 h{ to make web 3t5t m a3essible = p ) 4abilities1 & us} frly = "ey"o4 ,! guidel9es h ?ree levels ( a3essibil;y "<,a1 ,,aa & ,,aaa"> ,volunt>y ,product ,a3essibil;y ,template ,a "<,,vpat~t"> is a docu;t t expla9s h{ 9=ma;n & #c communica;n te*nology "<,,ict"> products s* z s(tw>e1 h>dw>e1 electronic 3t5t1 & support docu;ta;n meet "<3=m to"> ! "<,"u ! ,rehabilita;n ,act ( #aigc"> = ,,x a3essibil;y4  ,! ,4abl$ ,popula;n ,! ,4abl$ ,popula;n is ! l>ge/ m9or;y gr|p 9 ! _w ) at l1/ #a billion p4 ,x is al ! only gr|p ": any ( u c 2come a commun;y memb} at any "t4 ,v}na ,my}s /at$ t 8,div}s;y is 2+ 9vit$ to ! "py4 ,9clu.n is 2+ ask$ to d.e40 8,j got a `ajo9,clubh|se 9vite4 ,my welcome didn't la/ too l;g4 ,! app has buttons t cd 2 label$ = scre5 r1d}s1 b >5't1 & ,voiceov} us}s seem to h no way to $it |r pr(iles4 ,9a3essible code is digital #d r$l9+ t keeps u | ( communal spaces4 0 -,*.ey ,fleet `a,*.ey,fleet ,:5 x comes to 3t5t1 /ud5ts ne$ to 2 able to p}cv1 "u/&1 navigate1 & 9t}act ) ! 3t5t fully to make ! 9=ma;n make s5se4 ,if !y >e unable to d s1 ! 3t5t is n digitally a3essible4 ,:5 3sid}+ ,web #b4j tools1 x is important to 3sid} h{ a3essible ! tool is = 9/ructors & /ud5ts4 ,:at %d 9/ructors look = :5 assess+ ! a3essibil;y ( ,web #b4j tools8 ,naviga;n ease ,scre5,r1d} ,compatibil;y ,audio_/,visual ,compon5ts ,mobile_/,t|*_/,size ,capabilities #e ,s5sory sett+s ,color sett+s ,a3ess ,p}sonaliza;n ,a3essibil;y ,policy ,sign-9 ease ,if ! tool requires /ud5ts to cr1te a3.ts to use ! tool1 >e /ud5ts able to log 9 )|t hav+ to g "? a ,,capt*a"<,completely ,automat$ ,public ,tur+ te/ to tell ,comput}s & ,humans ,a"p"> te/4 ,! problem ) ,,capt*a,'s is t !y >e n a3essible to all types ( us}s1 : m1ns t "s us}s w n 2 able to complete ! =m on ! website4 ,= example1 an image-bas$ ,,capt*a c 2 v di6icult or impossible to complete = us}s :o >e bl #f or h l{ vi.n4 ,,capt*a ,a3essibil;y3 ,if ,,capt*a te/s >e requir$1 !y %d provide alt}natives l audio & text op;ns4 ,? is ess5tial = us}s :o may h di6iculty r1d+ ! 4tort$ text or visual *all5ges 9 ,,capt*a,'s4 ,naviga;nal ,a3essibil;y3 ,,capt*a,'s %d 2 navigable us+ di6}5t 9put me?ods1 9clud+ keybo>d1 m|se1 /ylus1 or joy/ick4 ,? 5sures t us}s ) v>i|s 4abilities c complete ! te/ us+ _! pref}r$ me?od4 ,naviga;n ease ,skip to ,3t5t3 ,hav+ a 8,skip to ,3t5t0 op;n is crucial = keybo>d us}s :o mid naviga;n3 ,e ele;t ( ! tool 9t}face_/site c 2 navigat$ by us+ keybo>d comm&s & %ortcuts4 ,! basics ( keybo>d te/+ >e simple,-! ,tab key c 2 us$ to navigate "? l9ks & =m 3trols1 ,5t}"<& "s"ts ,spaceb>"> selects an ele;t1 & ! >r{ keys >e "s"ts us$ = o!r naviga;n4 ,multiple ,9put ,me?ods3 ,us}s %d 2 able to add 3t5t us+ v>i|s 9put me?ods l keybo>d1 m|se1 /ylus1 or joy/ick4 ,? 5sures t 9dividuals ) di6}5t motor 4abilities c 9t}act ) ! tool e6ectively4 ,:5 us+ keybo>d %ortcuts1 ! us} c cle>ly id5tify ": ! cursor is4 ,:5 a p}son uses ! tab button1 !y %d 2 able to id5tify ": ! cursor is s !y c decide :at !y want to select4 ,:5 us+ keybo>d %ortcuts or #h a m|se1 ! tool's 9t}face_/page does n jump or %ift to o!r "ps ( ! tool4 ,! ord} ! cursor moves on ! page mat*es ! visual lay|t ( ! page_/tool4 ,if any 3t5t is skipp$ ov}1 ? makes ! 3t5t di6icult to get to & "u/&4 ,! site t ho/s ! tool is free ( |tside adv}tise;ts or m$ia t automatically plays :5 a us} goes to ! site4 ,multiple ads_/video play}3 ,s9ce _m ,web #b4j tools >e free1 ! tool's cr1tors (t5 rely on rev5ue ads4 ,num}|s ads on any page >e 4tract+ & c make gett+ to ! 3t5t v fru/rat+4 ,al1 us}s %d h 3trol ov} :at 3t5t !y get4 ,if !y get to a site t automatically plays a video or s.d ad1 ? takes #i away ! us}s' 3trol ov} ! 3t5t4 ,any m$ia"< audio_/video"> on ! tool_/page c 2 paus$ & />t$ by ! us}4 ,ad-,free ,exp}i;e3 ,avoid+ |tside adv}tise;ts & pop-ups 5sures a 4trac;n-free exp}i;e = us}s :o mit audio_/video 3t5t all{s us}s to 3trol _! 9t}ac;n ) multim$ia ele;ts4 ,scre5-,r1d} ,naviga;n #aj ,built-9 & ,free ,scre5 ,r1d}s ,scre5 r1d}s >e us$ by p :o >e vi.n impair$ to r1d & "u/& digital 3t5t4 ,_m electronic devices h built-9 r1d}s s "! is no?+ to 9/all4 ,! scre5 r1d} = ,mac & ,apple products is call$ ,voice,ov}4 ,= ,,pc,'s1 "<,w9d{s">1 ! built-9 scre5 r1d} is ,w9d{s ,n>rator4 ,al available = ,,pc,'s3 ,,nvda is a free scre5 r1d} t c 2 d{nload$ to yr comput}4 ,= ,&roid products1 ! built-9 scre5 r1d} is ,talk,back4 ,= ,google ,*rome,books ! built-9 scre5 r1d} is ,*rome,vox4 ,:5 us+ a scre5 r1d}1 ! 3t5t is r1d correctly_/cle>ly4 #aa ,if a us} gets to a tool1 & ! scre5 r1d} skips ov} ! 3t5t or x is jumpy1 "! is an issue ) ! tool's cod+4 ,? skipp+ makes cr1t+ 3t5t & us+ ! tool v *all5g+4 ,if ! tool's 9t}face_/page has li/s1 e item on ! li/ is label$ correctly s t a scre5 r1d} us} "ks :at ea* item is & does4,:5 a scre5 r1d} us} gets to a m5u item1 ! r1d} w r1d h{ ! item is label$4 ,(t51 li/s w n 2 label$ correctly1 s ! scre5 r1d} w r1d ! 3t5t z 8blank10 8item10 or 8object40 ,if ! us} does n "k :at ea* op;n does1 !y _c decide if !y want to use ~? op;ns4 ,audio_/,visual ,compon5ts ,does ! tool (f} ! us} cap;n_/transcrip;n op;ns = multim$ia items1 s* z videos_/audio files8 ,video cap;ns >e use;l = #ab all /ud5ts & ess5tial = "s /ud5ts4 ,rese>* has %{n t us+ cap;ns ) videos c make /ud5ts bett} r1d}s1 h{"e1 = /ud5ts :o >e d1f1 cap;n+ is ess5tial = "u/&+ 3t5t4 ,! r1l;y is t a3essible 3t5t b5efits "ey"o4 ,does ! tool h an audio compon5t l a 8,r1d to ,me0 f1ture or ! abil;y to upload audio files8 ,does ! tool h a spee*-to-text op;n available to ! us}8 ,text to spee* improves lit}acy & compreh5.n skills & makes $it+ & pro(r1d+ easi}4 ,spee*-to-text is help;l = ~? ) vi.n impair;ts1 le>n+ 4abilities1 or physical_/motor 4abilities4 ,! advantages ( ,text to ,spee* #ac ,improves lit}acy skills ,makes $it+ & pro(r1d+ easy ,5h.es pronuncia;n & spee* skills ,5ables li/5+ to ! news :ile communicat+ ,relieves eye /ra9 ,improves compreh5.n & recall ,provides ! fre$om to *oose h{ to 3sume 3t5t ,9cr1se a3essibil;y = p ) vi.n impair;ts & le>n+ 4abilities ,5ables le>n+ ( a new language )|t a tutor ,does ! tool all{ = ;,alt-text or cap;ns = images8 -,alt}native text" is a ~w or phrase t c 2 9s}t$ 9to a docu;t t describes ! nature or 3t5ts ( an image4 ;,alt- text helps p :o >e visually impair$ "u/& :at a #ad picture or image is4 ,cap;ns "un1? a picture al c 2 us$ if ;alt-text is n available4 ,scre5 r1d}s r1d al|d ! descrip;n text & ;,alt-,text z "p ( r1d+ ! docu;t4 ,mobile_/,t|*_/,size ,capabilities ,does ! tool look cle> :5 magnifi$ or 5l>g$ ev5 at #bjj.08 ,p ) visual impair;ts may ne$ to 5l>ge 3t5t to see x4 ,if ! 3t5t is fuzzy or loses cl>;y1 x is n fully a3essible4 -,does ! tool all{ = *ang+ ( font & picture sizes8 ,2+ able to *ange ! font or image size makes x easi} = p to see visual 3t5t4 ,s5sory ,sett+s ,does ! product use ,fla%y anima;ns8 ,if s1 does ! us} #ae h ! abil;y to turn (f ! anima;ns8 ,fla%y anima;ns >e 4tract+4 ,fla%y anima;ns >e di6icult to see4 ,fla%y anima;ns c tri7} seizures = p ) seizure 4ord}s4 ,s}i|sly1 does ! fla%i;s add any?+ to ! 3t5t8 ,multim$ia ,alt}natives3 ,if ! tool uses multim$ia = s5sory 5gage;t1 all{+ us}s to provide a text alt}native 5sures t ~? :o _c exp}i;e ! s5sory 3t5t c / "u/& xs 3text4 ,fla%+ ,3t5t3 ,avoid+ excessive fla%+ 3t5t helps prev5t tri7}+ seizures or 4com=t 9 us}s :o >e s5sitive to fla%+ anima;ns4 ,anima;n ,3trol3 ,(f}+ ! op;n to turn (f fla%y_/mov+ anima;ns or backgr.ds is b5eficial = us}s :o may f9d ~! anima;ns #af 4tract+ or ov}:elm+4 ,color ,sett+s ,does ! tool h an op;n to *ange ! color 3tra/ on ! scre58 ,p :o h color bl;s or >e visually impair$1 h ,,adhd1 or su6} f migra9es_/epilepsy may ne$ to *ange ! color 3tra/ on _! scre5 to "u/& ! 3t5t4 ,does ! tool rely on color to 3vey m1n+ to ! us}8 ,color %d n"e 2 us$ z ! only way to 3vey 9=ma;n "r{s 9dicate"> 2c p ) color bl;s or vi.n impair;ts may n "u/& ! 3t5t4 ,! ,visual ,pres5ta;n ( text & images ( text has a 3tra/ ratio ( at l1/ #d4e3#a4 ,to te/ ! 3tra/ ratio ( text & images1 y c use a d{nloadable tool f ! ,paciello ,gr|p4 #ag ,y c al use ! onl9e web color analyz} f ,web,,aim4 ,a3ess ,c ! tool 2 us$ on any ,9t}net-5abl$ device )|t an 9/all8 ,s9ce p h all k9ds ( devices1 x is important t ,web #b4j tools c "w on any ,9t}net-5abl$ device to maximize ! numb} ( p :o c use ! tool4 ,p}sonaliza;n ,does ! tool *ange any ( ! p}sonaliz$ sett+s on ! device8 ,any web-bas$ tool %d n 4able any p}sonaliz$ sett+s t ! us} has on _! device4 ,? 9cludes any a3essibil;y sett+s t may 2 5abl$ on ! device4 #ah ,if a tool requires ! us} to *ange ! sett+s ( _! device1 x is n a3essible4 ,a3essibil;y policy ,does ! tool h a ,,vpat "< ,volunt>y ,product ,a3essibil;y ,template"> on file8 ,a ,volunt>y ,product ,a3essibil;y ,template "<,,vpat"> is a docu;t t evaluates h{ a3essible a product is ac to ,sec;n #ejh ,/&>ds "4 ,x is a self-4clos+ docu;t produc$ by ! v5dor t details ea* aspect ( ! ,sec;n #ejh require;ts & supports ea* 3di;n4 ,v5dors m/ fill | ! 9=ma;n t applies to _! product4 ,x is important to note t ,,vpat,'s >e docu;ts t >e only valid 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ai ,9t}na;nal a3essibil;y laws >e di6}5t &1 "!=e1 ,9t}na;nal bas$ companies >e n requir$ to h ,,vpat,'s available4 ,h{"e1 if !y >e do+ busi;s 9 ! ,,u1 !y %d h "o available4 ,s9ce ,,vpat,'s >e volunt>y1 "s companies may n h !m fill$ |4 ,h{"e1 v5dors :o d busi;s 9 ! ,,u m/ h "s docu;ta;n available t 4cusses ! a3essibil;y ( _! product4 ,! v5dor %d h an ongo+ plan to address ! a3essibil;y ( ! product z !y 3t9ue to make upgrades & updates4 ,summ>y ,:5 y evaluate ,web #b4j tools1 rememb} x is all ab 3t5t4 ,:5 9t}act+ ) ! tool1 c all /ud5ts3 ,p}cv #bj ,"u/& ,navigate & ,9t}act 444,) ! 9=ma;n !y >e 2+ giv58 ,y h to "k yr audi;e4 ,if y use a tool t is n fully a3essible1 y c / use x ) yr /ud5ts if all ! /ud5ts >e able to get ! 3t5t fully4 ,h{"e1 if any memb} ( yr audi;e _c fully 9t}act ) ! tool_/cont5t1 !n y m/ 3sid} us+ a di6}5t tool4 ,a ~w ab apps ,"s ,web #b4j v5dors (f} app v}.ns ( _! tool4 ,! app v}.ns t5d to f>e bett} = a3essibil;y 2c keybo>d naviga;n is n ne$$ = apps4 ,mo/ electronic devices h built-9 scre5 r1d}s t w "w = apps4 ,if ! app is cod$ correctly1 ! scre5 r1d}s %d r1d ! 3t5t4 #ba ,s9ce /ud5ts h di6}5t devices1 x is important to te/ | all v}.ns ( ! tool4 ,! app v}.n may n h all ! full f1tures ( ! ,web #b4j tool4 ,*eckli/s -,d{nload ! ,web #b4j ,tools ,scorec>d4 -,d{nload ! ,web #b4j ,tool ,score ,c>d = ,/ud5t ,view -,d{nload ! ,,app ,score ,c>d ,tw1k & use z desir$4 #bb